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Night-harassment variants
The Soviet practice of harassing German ground forces using antiquated Polikarpov Po-2 biplanes at night to drop flares and fragmentation bombs, inspired the Luftwaffe to form its own Störkampfstaffeln (Harassment squadrons). On 23 July, 1942, Junkers offered the Ju 87 B-2, R-2 and R-4s with Flammenvernichter (\"flame eliminators\"). On 10 November, 1943, the RLM GL/C-E2 Division finally authorised the design in directive No. 1117.[69] This new equipment made the Ju 87 more difficult to detect from the ground in darkness.
Pilots were also asked to complete the new \"Blind Flying Certificate 3\", which was especially introduced for this new type of operation. Pilots were trained at night, over unfamiliar terrain, and forced to rely on their instruments for direction. The Ju 87\'s standard Revi C12D gunsight was also replaced with the new Nachtrevi (\"Nightrevi\") C12N. On some Ju 87s, the Revi 16D was exchanged for the Nachtrevi 16D. To ease the pilot\'s ability to see his instrument panel, a violet light was installed.[70] On 15 November 1942, the Auxiliary Staffel were created. By the summer of 1943, Luftflotte 1 was given four Staffeln while Luftflotte 4 and Luftwaffe Kommando Ost (Luftwaffe Command East) were given six and two respectively. In the first half of 1943, 12 Nachtschlachtgruppen had been formed, flying a multitude of different types of aircraft, including the Ju 87, which proved itself ideally suited to the low-level slow flying needed.[71]